Orthopedic Conditions

Knee

The knee carries three to four times body weight with every step, and considerably more on stairs. Its problems fall into two families: traumatic injuries, which mainly affect younger and sporting patients, and degenerative disease, dominated by osteoarthritis.

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ACL Tear (Anterior Cruciate Ligament) ACL Tear (Anterior Cruciate Ligament) A tear (rupture) of the anterior cruciate ligament is one of the most common and most serious knee injuries, and it occurs mainly during sporting activities.… Learn more Γυναίκα πιάνει το μπροστινό μέρος του γόνατος λόγω πόνου από χονδροπάθεια επιγονατίδας Chondromalacia Patellae Chondromalacia patellae is wear of the articular cartilage on the back surface of the kneecap (patella), where it glides over the femoral trochlea. It is the… Learn more Knee Cartilage Lesions Knee Cartilage Lesions Cartilage lesions of the knee are injuries to, or wear of, the articular cartilage, the smooth tissue that covers the surfaces of the bones in the… Learn more Knee Osteoarthritis Knee Osteoarthritis Knee osteoarthritis is one of the most common causes of chronic pain and stiffness, particularly in older people. It is a degenerative disease that progressively affects… Learn more Knee Replacement Loosening Knee Replacement Loosening Loosening of a knee replacement is one of the most common causes of failure of an artificial joint and of the need for revision. It is… Learn more Άνδρας κρατά το γόνατό του σε γήπεδο μετά από ρήξη τένοντα γόνατος Knee Tendon Rupture (Quadriceps & Patellar) The extensor mechanism of the knee consists of the quadriceps muscle, the quadriceps tendon, the patella (kneecap) and the patellar tendon. A rupture of any of… Learn more Meniscus Tear Meniscus Tear A meniscus tear is one of the most common knee injuries, affecting both athletes and people of all ages. Depending on the type, location and cause… Learn more Osteonecrosis of the Knee Osteonecrosis of the Knee Osteonecrosis of the knee is a condition in which the blood supply to a segment of bone is interrupted, resulting in its gradual death. Without timely… Learn more

What the symptom tells you

Where and how the knee hurts has real diagnostic value. Joint line pain on twisting and squatting points to the meniscus. A distinct pop at the moment of injury with swelling within hours points to the anterior cruciate ligament. Pain around the kneecap on descending stairs and after prolonged sitting points to the patellofemoral joint. And true locking — an inability to fully straighten the knee — means a mechanical block inside the joint.

The MRI trap

MRI shows degenerative meniscal tears in a very large proportion of asymptomatic adults over forty. The finding is not the same as the cause of pain, and this is precisely why so many arthroscopies performed in the past did not help. Imaging is always read alongside the clinical picture.

From conservative care to surgery

Quadriceps and hip abductor strengthening, weight reduction and low-impact activity have stronger evidence behind them than any other intervention in knee arthritis. Surgery enters the conversation when those have been exhausted, or when there is a mechanical problem that cannot be solved any other way.

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